non dangerouse problem causing animals

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1

Identify and locate non-dangerous damage causing animals.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Non-dangerous damage causing animals are identified and listed.

·         Chrickets

·         Monkeys

·         Cattle

·         Herbivores

·         Red billed quilea’s

·         Wharthogs

·         Etc.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Tracking skills are used to identify non-dangerous damage causing animals.

·         Hearing

·         Smell

·         Eye sight

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

The behaviour of non-dangerous damage causing animals are identified and described.

• ·         
  For example the behaviour of a common house fly: In colder climates, houseflies survive only with humans. They have a tendency to aggregate and are difficult to dispel. They are capable of carrying over 100 pathogens, such as typhoid, cholera, salmonella, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, anthrax, ophthalmia, and parasitic worms. Some strains have become immune to most common insecticides.
  House flies feed on liquid or semiliquid substances beside solid material which has been softened by saliva or vomit. Because of their high intake of food, they deposit feces constantly, one of the factors that makes the insect a dangerous carrier of pathogens. Although they are domestic flies, usually confined to the human habitations, they can fly for several miles from the breeding place. They are active only in daytime, and rest at night, e.g., at the corners of rooms, ceiling hangings, cellars, and barns, where they can survive the coldest winters by hibernation, and when spring arrives, adult flies are seen only a few days after the first thaw
  They live at least one week..
  Like rats and mice as well , as their behavior can be estimated by recording behavior and movement .
  Caracals are also damage causing animals as they feed on farming animals etc, Adult caracals dwell either alone or, less commonly, in pairs. Females inhabit relatively small home ranges, varying from 5 to 57 square kilometres (1.9 to 22 sq mi), depending on the local availability of prey. While the females actively defend their territory against other females, the males roam over much larger areas of 19 to 220 square kilometres (7.3 to 85 sq mi) with considerable overlap.
  Like other cats, caracals scent mark their territory. They leave their faeces in visible locations, and also mark territory by spraying urine onto bushes or logs, or raking it into the ground with their hind feet.^[8]
  Caracals hunt by stalking their prey, approaching within about 5 metres (16 ft) before suddenly sprinting and leaping. They kill smaller prey with a bite to the nape of the neck, and larger animals by biting the throat and then raking with their claws. Caracals sometimes cover their larger prey if they cannot consume the whole carcass in a single meal, and return to it later. Some have even been observed to hide carcasses in trees.
  I

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

An overview is given of regulations arising out of legislation applicable to game removal operations as it applies to non-dangerous damage causing animals.

·          

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2

Assist in control measures for non-dangerous damage causing animals within the area of operation.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Trapping and baiting techniques used during control operations relating to non-dangerous damage causing animals are applied as per organisational requirements.

·         Trapping- a trapping method is used to catch the animal and to re locate or move animal out of area that is unwanted.

·         Baiting- Bait is set out to lure animals into “trap” and in that way move or re locate!

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Control measures are maintained to provide assistance in the capturing of non-dangerous damage causing animals.

·         Non-dangerous methods are used to capture animal in no way to harm or kill that animal but only to move or relocate such as: a cage with a trip wire or pressure plate to trigger the exit door to close.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Poisons, sprays and/or biological agents are applied in accordance with applicable legislation and manufacturer's instructions.

·         To control these non dangerous problem causing animals you can control it in three ways:

1.      Poisons- Usually used in red billed quileas because their so densed populated there is no other way but to poison them via airplane(over nesting site) other animals may be killed in this process but the majority will be the target.(all these dead birds wuill be cleaned via MAN POWER!!!! And preferably dumped and burned at a safe place.

2.      Sprays- You can use E.M to spray dustbins,drains,public areas to remove smell and when you remove smell flies will not be attracted and so wont cats,dogs and other animals. This process will also influence fly population as this mixture hardens egg shells and larvea cant get out fast enough and their wings wont develop to the fullest.

3.      Biological- Add another animal or plant source that will out compete(but not take over) the problem animal for instance jackal is a caracals biggest rival so more jackal must be more than caracals to “drive” caracal of the farm instead of shooting caracal then jackal takes over or other way around!! (fight with your brain not your gun!!)

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

Breeding sites are limited to control certain species.

·         Find and locate breeding sites to remove re-populating problem causing animals, and make sure to use appropriate methods to do so.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3

Carry out skinning, disposal, preservation and other procedures to remove carcasses of animals.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Assistance is provided in the carrying out of skinning, disposal and other procedures as it relates to the disposal of carcasses.

·         Carcasses should be disposed off appropriately, when an animal is poisend burn it, when it was killed biologically the skin can be used as carpets or other medicinal uses or carcass can be taken to a taxidermy to be stuffed and be put up as a trophy. Meat can also be used to feed other animals such as a vulture restaurant!!

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Assistance is given in the preservation of carcasses as per operational requirements.

• ·          Formaline can be used to preserve safely.
• Jam jars is also a alternative method to use. 
• Communicating with your community help the process of gathering information and gaining assistance with your problem animals.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4

Assist in community interactions.

·         When a community is educated about these problems in the future people will use the appropriate methods to deal with the problem animals. Also its easier to influence a child rather than an adult. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Assistance is rendered in communicating with the local community in addressing problem animal incidents.

·         Education will lead to future progress and wont take immidiate effect but in some cases children can convinse their parents to use the right and appropriate methods.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Information is gathered from local communities as it relates to problem animals.

·         Find out how much your local community knows about the problems that occure by doing a survey and from there on you can figure out a plan to deal with inappropriate actions against these legislations.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Assistance is rendered in addressing problems with non-dangerous damage causing animals through the dissemination of information.

·          Implementing the most effective methods to use and the problems associated , identify the pro’s and con’s.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

Assistance is rendered in the educating of local communities about damage causing animals.

·          Share with the community the results of the methods used and the eefectiveness and educate them on how minimal disadvantages can be rendered.

Safely collecting of specimens

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1

Use appropriate method/s to collect a range of environmental data and/or specimens.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

·        Fauna-(Animals) dead or alive. Dead insects can be pinned down to preserve them for a longer time. embrio's or other certain animals can be placed in a  formalin jar/bottel.

·        Flora-(plants) Can be pressed between cardboard boxes and newspaper, covered with a stabel wooden casing pressed together with help of either a rope tied to the box or a clip that can be locked for safe use.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

When collecting a specimen you should do the following: ·        Note ·        Record the location ·        Co-ordinates of the specific area ·        Marking it of on a simple map of the environment. ·         Record the weather conditions as well as temperature of your surroundings and any variables than might be important. ·         The date and time, ·         Season ·        Etc. Keeping the data with the specimen after selection is the most important details.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

A range of environmental data should be kept and uploaded in the area in which the specimen was found. ·        An annual update should be done on the data, example weather, season, habitat condition. ·         Record on the different species found in different areas and which parallels occur. ·         The recorded data should include the exact location, on a slope or on a mountain or on pastures etc.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Including but not limited to soil, invertebrates, vertebrates, vegetation, rainfall, temperature etc.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2

Locate and record the area for collection.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Applicable navigation techniques are used to reach the collection site as specified for data or specimen collection:  When a specific specimen is found, it is very important to mark the exact spot on a local simple map of the area and retrieve the GPS co-ordinates. In that way it can be attached to the specimen and other collectors or users can find that exact location again for future use or studies.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Use of navigational equipment and maps.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

A record is made of the localities where the specimens will be collected: The area in which the object was found should be noted in order for example: ·        country ·        province ·        town ·        grid reference ·        co-ordinates ·        landmarks.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Required specimens are collected; data obtained and/or prepared using prescribed methods and procedures: During field work, the collector will use his note-book for “on the spot” observations. On returning home, he should sort out and roughly classify the specimens. Discarding unwanted material at once. Sketches and colour records must now be completed while the animals are still alive(if plan on killing the specimen) The field sheets should then be filled in, before exact details are forgotten. The amount to be recorded will vary greatly from species to species, according to the amount known about the species of animal collected, or to the collector's interest in the material. The sheets provide for example detail, but it is important to repeat more important information on each sheet. If too much detail is aimed at, the collector. Each bottle or tube of specimens should be identified by a reference number corresponding to the serial sheet number. Specimens are thus numbered simply in order of collecting and writing up. An abbreviation for the name of the class can be usefully added to the sheet below the serial number, e.g. (CTEN — GASTR — CRUST —). The sheets may then be filed in serial order, and, if necessary, as the collection grows, cross-indexed in taxonomic and ecological categories. Details of locality, type of environment, ecological association should be specified, with date and collector's name. Space is left for other important notes that’s of special interest. Reference should be given to any life drawing, colour record, slide or other preparation made from living material. After identification the specific name can be added in the space provided, together with a note referring to taxonomy or general literature

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Records and relevant data are kept of the precise location where the specimens were collected: After a correct and accurate record has been made the data should be kept with the correct specimen for further reference or research.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Required environmental data is recorded using appropriate methods and equipment:  The bulk of the information about a specimen should be entered on the record sheet. It is not usually convenient to label material exhaustively in situations. Labels attached to the container should include the habitat, locality and date, and the collector's initial, with perhaps a condensation of any other information to which it is desired to refer without turning up the field sheet. Most important, there should be a reference number to the written field record

ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE

Tree diameter, prevailing weather condition, and photographs taken.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

A review is given of what constitutes ethical collecting practices: Collect, obtain data and/or prepare the required specimens according to prescribed procedures:  After the specimen was found it is important to preserve the specimen properly so that it does not damage or break and lose complete value. Specimens from any field collection should be deposited in a reference collection in an institutional for the long-term maintenance and access for the future. The animals should therefore be preserved in the best possible condition and where possible, ensure that the natural colour is retained, their external appendages (e.g. fins) are erected and stomach contents intact. Care should be taken to ensure that specimens are undamaged. Features important in the taxonomic study of fish, for example, are easily damaged with contact even after preservation. Live crabs before preservation should be kept individually as some species will damage each other and other animals, especially fish even when they are being directly preserved. Specimens collected during an expedition are to be killed immediately on site. Photography, if required should be conducted on the spot. Do not crowd living animals in small containers - this will result in damage to their surfaces or appendages. Do not keep animals for preservation "later" as it may die and pollute a container, killing others, even leading to a distortion of morphological features and other damage. This reduces their value as scientific specimens which are the objective of collection in the first place. A well-preserved specimen will generate more accurate information and is ultimately more humane.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5

Live specimens are released in area of origin where transportation and additional data collection is not required: When releasing an animal specimen it is important to release it back to the same habitat where it was captured, as not to confuse social structures or territory. animals are accustomed to these surroundings and habitat, special climates and seasons.

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4

Package specimens safely for transportation.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1

Living specimens obtained for data collection purposes are transported correctly and humanely: When transporting live animals one should consider a cage, box etc for travelling in to be comfortable and clearly marked to be fragile and which side upwards. that in fact the animal is ALIVE and addresses as well as return addresses should be clearly visible. Air transport is the preferred method of transporting any live specimens as it is also the quickest and the specimen won’t strain.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2

Dead specimens are suitably preserved (without damage):  Preserving dead specimens will include jarred (air tight), pressed and pinned etc. it should be dried out for at least 3 weeks and can then be observed, studies etc.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3

Specimens are suitably packaged according to organisational procedures: All collecting is to be conducted in a responsible manner, with full consideration of the three „R‟s principle (replacement, reduction and refinement) in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes. The Three Rs Principle states that: · animals which might suffer are used only when necessary (Replacement), · no more and no fewer animals are used than are required to achieve the objectives of the work (Reduction), and · any pain, suffering or other harm, which may be caused to animals, is minimised (Refinement).

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4

Steps are taken to ensure that all relevant information accompanies the specimens.  Usually the specimen has to have a tag with all relevant information, where it was found, time and date it was found, sex, age and colour of the specimen. So you can go back and look at the information at any given time.

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5

The specimens are delivered to the prescribed place and handed over to a designated personnel.

When transporting specimens the most important thing is that the package it is transported in has a tracking number, so that you could trace it if necessary. On the package it is important to have the address where it is from and where it is delivered to, a cell phone number of the person who's package it is. Always make sure that someone is ready to collect the package.